DEFENSES

See also DEFENDANTS

Adultery, woman's marital status unknown, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.36

Adverse claims to real property

Value of improvements, taxes, and assessments, Minn. Statutes 2005 559.11

Advisory opinions

Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board, Minn. Statutes 2005 10A.02

Agricultural chemicals

Act of God, Minn. Statutes 2005 18D.111, 18D.325

End user or landowner, application, Minn. Statutes 2005 18D.101

Sabotage, Minn. Statutes 2005 18D.325

Vandalism, Minn. Statutes 2005 18D.325

War, Minn. Statutes 2005 18D.325

Aircraft, operating under influence of alcohol or controlled substances, Minn. Statutes 2005 360.0752

Alcoholic beverages

Children, consumption by, consent of parent or guardian, Minn. Statutes 2005 340A.503

Complicity defense, fault defined as, Minn. Statutes 2005 604.01

Illegal sales, Minn. Statutes 2005 340A.503, 340A.513, 340A.801

Proof of age, Minn. Statutes 2005 340A.503, 340A.703

Attempts at crime, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.17

Bank deposits and collections

Presentment warranties, breach, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.4-208, 336.4-302

Transfer warranties, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.4-207

Waivers, unauthorized signatures or alterations, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.4-406

Bankruptcy proceedings, employers, failure to pay benefits or wage supplements, Minn. Statutes 2005 181.74

Banks, shareholders, assessments, Minn. Statutes 2005 49.19

Beer, kegs, illegal sales, Minn. Statutes 2005 340A.513

Boats and boating, boating while intoxicated, Minn. Statutes 2005 86B.331

Bumpers, evidence of manufacture higher than prescribed height, affirmative defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 169.73

Campaign practices violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 211B.17

Child support

Criminal nonsupport, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.375

Nonparentage, Minn. Statutes 2005 518C.315

Nonpayment of support, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.612

Coercion for use in prostitution

Excluded defenses, Minn. Statutes 2005 611A.81, 611A.82

Collateral estoppel

Court of Appeals decisions, precedential value, Minn. Statutes 2005 480A.08

Collectively bargained health care arrangements

Violations, lack of knowledge not a defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 62H.15

Commercial e-mail messages, violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 325F.694

Consent, see specific index headings for crimes

Consumer contracts

Plain language, good faith effort to comply, Minn. Statutes 2005 325G.34

Consumer support grants, appeals, Minn. Statutes 2005 256.476

Contagious or infectious diseases, knowing transfer, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.2241

Contracts for deed

Assignments, failure to record, Minn. Statutes 2005 507.235

Failure to record, Minn. Statutes 2005 507.235

Contributing to delinquency or status as juvenile petty offender, Minn. Statutes 2005 260B.425

Contributing to status as child in need of protection or services, Minn. Statutes 2005 260C.425

Controlled substances

Marijuana, possession or sale, Minn. Statutes 2005 152.027

Sale, transfer, or delivery, Minn. Statutes 2005 152.097

Corporations, ratable assessments against shareholders, Minn. Statutes 2005 316.19

Crimes in other jurisdictions, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.025

Criminal vehicular operation

Controlled substances use, prescribed drugs, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.21

Defamation, Minn. Statutes 2005 544.043

Delinquent property taxes, see Defenses or objections, petitions for under PROPERTY TAXES

Dentists and dental auxiliaries

Violations, generally, licenses, lack of, Minn. Statutes 2005 150A.12

Deprivation of custodial or parental rights, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.26

Devisees, liability, prior debts, Minn. Statutes 2005 573.16

Disabled persons

Employment, unfair discriminatory practices, Minn. Statutes 2005 363A.25

Dishonored checks

Affidavit of service, refusal to accept, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.535

Dissolution of marriage

Generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.06

Marital property, division, power of attorney, use not available as defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.58

Drivers' licenses, revocation, suspension, cancellation, or disqualification, notice, Minn. Statutes 2005 171.24

Driving while impaired, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 169A.46

Electronic communications, illegal access, Minn. Statutes 2005 626A.32

Emergency communications

Kidnappings, telephone company employees, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.774

Employee leasing arrangements, violations

Generally, lack of knowledge not a defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 62H.15

Employers, bankruptcy

Failure to pay benefits or wage supplements, Minn. Statutes 2005 181.74

Energy conservation

Violations, adequate remedy not a defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 216C.30

Eviction

Manufactured home parks, Minn. Statutes 2005 327C.10

Real property, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.285

Residential rental property, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.285

Failure to appear in court, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.49

Farm products, contracts, readability violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 17.9441

Farm tractors, claims of nonconformity, Minn. Statutes 2005 325F.6657

Female genital mutilation, consent, not a defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.2245

Financial exploitation of vulnerable adults, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.2335

Fire or police state aid, forfeiture

No defense, failure to receive certificate form, Minn. Statutes 2005 69.011

Fraudulent transfers, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 513.48

Gambling, Minn. Statutes 2005 349.2127

Governmental immunity

Liability insurance, effects, Minn. Statutes 2005 3.736, 16B.85

School districts, liability insurance, waivers, Minn. Statutes 2005 123B.23

Gratuities

Agreements to work for less not a defense to action, Minn. Statutes 2005 177.27

Groundwater pollution in sensitive areas, Minn. Statutes 2005 103H.111

Halal foods, misrepresentation of non-Halal foods, Minn. Statutes 2005 31.658

Hazardous substance releases

Liability claims, defenses, Minn. Statutes 2005 115B.175

Hazardous substances releases

Liability claims, defenses, Minn. Statutes 2005 115B.04, 115B.05

Hazardous waste, air and water quality violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.671

Health and accident insurance

Policies, limitation, Minn. Statutes 2005 62A.04

Heirs, liability, prior debts, Minn. Statutes 2005 573.16

Housing with services establishments

Personal service not a defense to action, Minn. Statutes 2005 144D.03

Insanity, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.06, 611.026

Insurance, claims forms

Absence of warnings not a defense for violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 60A.955

Insurance liquidators, assertion, duties, Minn. Statutes 2005 60B.25

Intoxication defense, effect on intent, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.075

Invention developers

Contracts, bona fide error, Minn. Statutes 2005 325A.09

Investment securities, see Defenses under SECURITIES

Justification

Defamation, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.765

Force, use of, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.06, 609.066

Homicide, justifiable homicide, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.065

Labor trafficking, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.284

Landlords

Code violation inspection and condemnation orders, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.195

Code violations lawsuits, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.415

Tenant eviction, contraband or controlled substances, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.5317

Utilities, interruption or termination, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.221

Legal separation, husband and wife, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.06

Legatees, liability, prior debts, Minn. Statutes 2005 573.16

Littering, civil liability, Minn. Statutes 2005 169.421

Lottery tickets, sale to minors, Minn. Statutes 2005 349A.12

Manslaughter

2d degree manslaughter, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.205

2d degree manslaughter of an unborn child, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.2665

Manufactured home parks, eviction, Minn. Statutes 2005 327C.10

Medical malpractice lawsuits

Counterclaims, pleading as, statutes of limitations, Minn. Statutes 2005 541.076

Minimum wage

Agreements to work for less not a defense to action, Minn. Statutes 2005 177.27

Minnesota Insurance Guaranty Association

Claims, rights, Minn. Statutes 2005 60C.05

Insolvent member insurers, proceedings, Minn. Statutes 2005 60C.195

Motor vehicle dealers

Other remedies, not a defense to injunctions, Minn. Statutes 2005 168.27

Motor vehicles, forfeiture, Minn. Statutes 2005 169A.63

Municipal land use planning

Appeals from local government action, Minn. Statutes 2005 462.361

Neglect or endangerment of a child, failure to prevent, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.378

Negligence

Assumption of risk, see ASSUMPTION OF RISK

Comparative negligence, see COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE

Contributory negligence, see CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE

Last clear chance doctrine, abolished, Minn. Statutes 2005 604.01

Negotiable instruments

Alteration of instruments, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-406

Conditional issuance of instrument, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-105

Countersignatures, failure to make, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-106

Forged signatures, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-406

Issuance without consideration, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-303

Lack of notice, holders in due course, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-302

Nonissuance of instrument, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-105

Nonperformance of promises, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-303

Obligation to pay instrument, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-305

Other agreements, effect, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-117

Presentment warranties, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-417

Restrictive endorsements, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-206

Signatures, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-308

Transfer warranties, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-416

Wrongful refusal to pay, Minn. Statutes 2005 336.3-411

Next of kin, liability, prior debts, Minn. Statutes 2005 573.16

No-fault automobile insurance

Proof of insurance, failure to produce, Minn. Statutes 2005 169.791

No or insufficient consideration

Employment agency fees, notes, Minn. Statutes 2005 184.38

Nursery stock, violations, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 18J.10

Overtime

Agreements to work for less not a defense to action, Minn. Statutes 2005 177.27

Pari-mutuel betting

Underage bettors, identification, Minn. Statutes 2005 240.13

Partition of real estate, disputes between parties, Minn. Statutes 2005 558.05

Pen registers, trap and trace devices, and mobile tracking devices, Minn. Statutes 2005 626A.391

Perjury, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.48

Plant pests, violations, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 18J.10

Plants (vegetation), violations, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 18J.10

Pornographic works involving minors

Affirmative defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 617.246

Consent, mistake, no defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 617.245 to 617.247

Product liability, useful life of product, expiration, Minn. Statutes 2005 604.03

Property taxes, see Defenses or objections, petitions for under PROPERTY TAXES

Property taxes, net tax capacity proceedings, Minn. Statutes 2005 290C.928

Prostitution, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.325

Public Employees Retirement Association

Local relief associations, breach of fiduciary duty, Minn. Statutes 2005 353A.07

Public transportation facilities

Unfair discriminatory practices, Minn. Statutes 2005 363A.11

Reportable multiple employer welfare arrangements (MEWAs), violations, lack of knowledge not a defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 62H.15

School bus drivers, reasonable force, use, Minn. Statutes 2005 121A.582

School districts, school buses, advertising on, Minn. Statutes 2005 123B.93

School officials, Fair Dismissal Act, technical violations, good faith exception, Minn. Statutes 2005 121A.48

School personnel, force used by, Minn. Statutes 2005 121A.582, 123B.25

School principals, reasonable force, use, Minn. Statutes 2005 121A.582

Seeds, violations, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 18J.10

Self-defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.06, 609.065

Separation of husband and wife, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 518.06

Sex crimes

Sexual psychopathic personality, not defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 253B.185

Sexually dangerous person status, not defense, Minn. Statutes 2005 253B.185

Sex trafficking, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.284

Shooting victims, failure to aid, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.662

Signatures, credit agreements, absence, effect, Minn. Statutes 2005 513.33

Soil conservation, good faith practices, Minn. Statutes 2005 103F.421, 103F.441

Solicitation of children to engage in sexual conduct, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.352

Taxes, generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 271.09

Taxes, jeopardy assessments, Minn. Statutes 2005 270C.36

Teachers, force used by, Minn. Statutes 2005 121A.582, 123B.25

Tenants, eviction actions, Minn. Statutes 2005 504B.285

Theft, trade secrets, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.52

Timber cutting on state lands, Minn. Statutes 2005 90.301

Tobacco sales to children

Municipal license violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 461.12

Reliance on proof of age, driver's license or Minnesota identification card, Minn. Statutes 2005 609.685

Traffic accidents, drivers

Leaving scene of accident to obtain medical aid, Minn. Statutes 2005 169.09

Traffic sign or signal violations, motorcyclists

Entering or crossing intersections against red light, Minn. Statutes 2005 169.06

Trespass, Minn. Statutes 2005 471.985

Trust companies, shareholders, assessments, Minn. Statutes 2005 49.19

Unauthorized insurers, Minn. Statutes 2005 60A.21

Volunteer firefighter relief associations

Membership, exclusions, Minn. Statutes 2005 424A.01

Voting violations, affirmative defense, inaccurate polling place location as, Minn. Statutes 2005 201.016

Wild animals, violations, Minn. Statutes 2005 35.95

Wiretapping, Minn. Statutes 2005 626A.13

Workers' compensation

Fraud, claim forms, criminal penalties notice, Minn. Statutes 2005 176.178

Generally, Minn. Statutes 2005 176.001 to 176.861

Willful negligence, Minn. Statutes 2005 176.031