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Chapter 7045
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Part 7045.0628
7045.0628 TANK SYSTEMS.
Subpart 1.
Scope.
This part applies to owners and operators of facilities that use tank systems, including tank systems, sumps, and other such collection devices or systems used in conjunction with drip pads, as defined in part 7045.0020 and regulated under part 7045.0644, to treat or store hazardous waste, except as items A and B and part 7045.0552 provide otherwise.
A.
Tank systems that are used to store or treat hazardous waste containing no free liquids and that are located inside a building with an impermeable floor are exempt from the requirements of subpart 4. To demonstrate the absence or presence of free liquids in the stored or treated waste, the following test must be used: Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test) as described in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA publication SW-846, incorporated by reference in part 7045.0065, item D.
Subp. 2.
Assessment of existing tank system's integrity.
The following requirements apply to existing tank systems:
A.
For each existing tank system that does not have secondary containment meeting the requirements of subpart 4, the owner or operator must determine whether the tank system is leaking or is unfit for use. Except as provided in item C, the owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility a written assessment reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer that attests to the tank system's integrity. The certification must include the statements in parts 7001.0070 and 7001.0540.
B.
This assessment must determine that the tank system is adequately designed and has sufficient structural strength and compatibility with the waste to be stored or treated to ensure that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. This assessment must consider the following:
(1)
design standards, if available, according to which the tank and ancillary equipment were constructed;
(5)
results of a leak test, internal inspection, or other tank integrity examination. For nonenterable underground, inground, or onground tanks, this assessment must consist of a leak test that is capable of taking into account the effects of temperature variations, tank end deflection, vapor pockets, and high water table effects. For other than nonenterable underground, inground, or onground tanks and for ancillary equipment, this assessment must be either a leak test, as described above, or an internal inspection and/or other tank integrity examination certified by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, that addresses cracks, leaks, corrosion, and erosion. The certification must include the statements in parts 7001.0070 and 7001.0540.
C.
Owners or operators of tank systems that were required to conduct this assessment by Code of Federal Regulations, title 40, section 265.191(a), as amended, must conduct and keep this assessment on file as required by that section. Owners or operators of all other existing tank systems must conduct this assessment by February 8, 1990. Owners or operators of tank systems that store or treat materials that become hazardous wastes must conduct this assessment within 12 months after the date that the waste becomes a hazardous waste.
D.
If, as a result of the assessment conducted in accordance with item A, a tank system is found to be leaking or unfit for use, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subpart 8.
Subp. 3.
Design and installation of new tank systems or components.
A.
Owners or operators of new tank systems or components must ensure that the foundation, structural support, seams, connections, and pressure controls, if applicable, are adequately designed and that the tank system has sufficient structural strength, compatibility with the waste to be stored or treated, and corrosion protection so that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. The owner or operator must obtain a written assessment reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, attesting that the system has sufficient structural integrity and is acceptable for the storing and treating of hazardous waste. Owners or operators of new tank systems that were required to conduct this assessment by Code of Federal Regulations, title 40, section 265.192(a), as amended, must conduct and keep this assessment on file as required by that regulation. Owners and operators of other new tank systems shall conduct this assessment by February 8, 1989, and keep it on file at the facility. The certification must include the statements in parts 7001.0070 and 7001.0540. This assessment must include the following information:
(1)
design standards according to which the tank and ancillary equipment is or will be constructed;
(3)
for new tank systems or components in which the external shell of a metal tank or any external metal component of the tank system is or will be in contact with the soil or with water, a determination by a corrosion expert of the factors affecting the potential for corrosion, including soil moisture content, soil pH, soil sulfides level, soil resistivity, structure to soil potential, influence of nearby underground metal structures such as piping, stray electric current, and existing corrosion protection measures such as coating and cathodic protection. The determination must also address the type and degree of external corrosion protection that are needed to ensure the integrity of the tank system during the use of the tank system or component. This protection must consist of corrosion resistant materials of construction such as special alloys or fiberglass reinforced plastic; corrosion resistant coating, such as epoxy or fiberglass, with cathodic protection such as impressed current or sacrificial anodes; and electrical isolation devices such as insulating joints or flanges;
(4)
for underground tank system components that are likely to be affected by vehicular traffic, a determination of design or operational measures that will protect the tank system against potential damage;
(5)
design considerations to ensure that tank foundations will maintain the load of a full tank, tank systems will be anchored to prevent flotation or dislodgement where the tank system is placed in a saturated zone, and tank systems will withstand the effects of frost heave; and
(6)
any additional information that the commissioner determines is relevant to the tank system design.
B.
The owner or operator of a new tank system must ensure that proper handling procedures are adhered to in order to prevent damage to the system during installation. Before covering, enclosing, or placing a new tank system or component in use, an independent, qualified installation inspector or an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, either of whom is trained and experienced in the proper installation of tank systems, must inspect the system or component for the presence of weld breaks, punctures, scrapes of protective coatings, cracks, corrosion, and other structural damage or inadequate construction or installation. All discrepancies must be remedied before the tank system is covered, enclosed, or placed in use.
C.
New tank systems or components and piping that are placed underground and that are backfilled must be provided with a backfill material that is a noncorrosive, porous, homogeneous substance and that is carefully installed so that the backfill is placed completely around the tank and compacted to ensure that the tank and piping are fully and uniformly supported.
D.
All new tanks and ancillary equipment must be tested for tightness before being covered, enclosed, or placed in use. If a tank system is found not to be tight, all repairs necessary to remedy the leaks in the system must be performed before the tank system is covered, enclosed, or placed in use.
E.
Ancillary equipment must be supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stress due to settlement, vibration, expansion, or contraction.
F.
The owner or operator must provide the type and degree of corrosion protection necessary, based on the information provided under item A, subitem (3), to ensure the integrity of the tank system during use of the tank system. The installation of a corrosion protection system that is field fabricated must be supervised by an independent corrosion expert to ensure proper installation.
G.
The owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility written statements by those persons required to certify the design of the tank system and supervise the installation of the tank system in accordance with the requirements of items B to F to attest that the tank system was properly designed and installed and that repairs under items B and D were performed. The certification must include the statements in parts 7001.0070 and 7001.0540.
Subp. 4.
Containment and detection of releases.
A.
In order to prevent the release of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents to the environment, secondary containment that meets the requirements of this part must be provided, except as provided in item H.
B.
Secondary containment systems must be:
(1)
designed, installed, and operated to prevent any migration of wastes or accumulated liquid out of the system to the soil, ground water, or surface water at any time during the use of the tank system; and
(2)
capable of detecting and collecting releases and accumulated liquids until the collected material is removed.
C.
To meet the requirements of item B, secondary containment systems must be at a minimum:
(1)
constructed of or lined with materials that are compatible with the waste to be placed in the tank system and must have sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients, including static head and external hydrological forces; physical contact with the waste to which they are exposed; climatic conditions; the stress of installation; and the stress of daily operation, including stresses from nearby vehicular traffic;
(2)
placed on a foundation or base capable of providing support to the secondary containment system and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the system and capable of preventing failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift;
(3)
provided with a leak detection system that is designed and operated so that it will detect the failure of either the primary and secondary containment structure or any release of hazardous waste or accumulated liquid in the secondary containment system within 24 hours, or at the earliest practicable time if the existing detection technology or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within 24 hours; and
(4)
sloped or otherwise designed or operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the secondary containment system within 24 hours, or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health or the environment, if removal of the released waste or accumulated precipitation cannot be accomplished within 24 hours.
D.
Unless a petition is granted under part 7045.0075, subpart 7, secondary containment for tanks must include one or more of the following devices:
E.
In addition to the requirements of items B, C, and D, the external liner system of secondary containment systems must be:
(1)
designed or operated to contain 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;
(2)
designed or operated to prevent run on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a 25 year, 24 hour rainfall event;
(4)
designed and installed to completely surround the tank and to cover all surrounding earth likely to come into contact with the waste if released from the tank; that is, capable of preventing lateral as well as vertical migration of the waste.
F.
In addition to the requirements of items B, C, and D, a vault system must be:
(1)
designed or operated to contain 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;
(2)
designed or operated to prevent run on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run on or infiltration. The additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a 25 year, 24 hour rainfall event;
(4)
provided with an impermeable interior coating or lining that is compatible with the stored waste and that will prevent migration of waste into the concrete;
(5)
provided with a means to protect against the formation of and ignition of vapors within the vault, if the waste being stored or treated meets the definition of ignitable waste under part 7045.0131, or reactive waste under part 7045.0131 and may form an ignitable or explosive vapor; and
(6)
provided with an exterior moisture barrier or be otherwise designed or operated to prevent migration of moisture into the vault if the vault is subject to hydraulic pressure.
G.
In addition to the requirements of items B, C, and D, double walled tanks must be:
(1)
designed as an integral structure, such as an inner tank within an outer shell so that any release from the inner tank is contained by the outer shell;
(2)
protected, if constructed of metal, from both corrosion of the primary tank interior and the external surface of the outer shell; and
(3)
provided with a built-in, continuous leak detection system capable of detecting a release within 24 hours or at the earliest practicable time, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the commissioner, and the commissioner concurs, that the existing leak detection technology or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within 24 hours.
H.
Ancillary equipment must be provided with full secondary containment, such as trench, jacketing, or double walled piping, that meets the requirements of items B and C, except for:
(1)
aboveground piping, exclusive of flanges, joints, valves, and other connections, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;
(2)
welded flanges, welded joints, and welded connections, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;
(3)
sealless or magnetic coupling pumps and sealless valves, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; and
(4)
pressurized aboveground piping systems with automatic shutoff devices, such as excess flow check valves, flow metering shutdown devices, and loss of pressure actuated shutoff devices, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis.
Subp. 6.
General operating requirements.
Treatment or storage of hazardous waste in tanks must comply with the following:
A.
Hazardous wastes or treatment reagents must not be placed in a tank system if they could cause the tank, its ancillary equipment, or the secondary containment system to rupture, leak, corrode, or otherwise fail.
B.
The owner or operator must use appropriate controls and practices to prevent spills and overflows from tank or secondary containment systems. These include:
(2)
overfill prevention controls such as level sensing devices, high level alarms, automatic feed cutoff, or bypass to a standby tank; and
(3)
maintenance of sufficient freeboard in uncovered tanks to prevent overtopping by wave or wind action or by precipitation.
Subp. 7.
Inspections.
A.
The owner or operator must inspect, where present, at least once each operating day:
(1)
overfill or spill control equipment such as waste feed cutoff systems, bypass systems, and drainage systems to ensure that it is in good working order;
(2)
the aboveground portions of the tank system, if any, to detect corrosion or releases of waste;
(3)
data gathered from monitoring equipment and leak detection equipment, such as pressure and temperature gauges or monitoring wells, to ensure that the tank system is being operated according to its design; and
(4)
the construction materials and the area immediately surrounding the externally accessible portion of the tank system, including secondary containment structures such as dikes, to detect erosion or signs of releases of hazardous waste such as wet spots or dead vegetation.
B.
The owner or operator must inspect cathodic protection systems, if present, according to the following schedule, to ensure that they are functioning properly:
(1)
The proper operation of the cathodic protection system must be confirmed within six months after initial installation, and annually thereafter.
(2)
All sources of impressed current must be inspected and/or tested, as appropriate, at least bimonthly.
C.
The owner or operator must document in the operating record of the facility an inspection of those items in items A and B.
Subp. 8.
Responses to leaks or spills and disposition of unfit for use tank systems.
A tank system or secondary containment system from which there has been a leak or spill, or which is unfit for use, must be removed from service immediately, and the owner or operator must satisfy the following requirements:
A.
The owner or operator must immediately stop the flow of hazardous waste into the tank system or secondary containment system and inspect the system to determine the cause of the release.
B.
Removal of waste from tank system or secondary containment system.
(1)
If the release was from the tank system, the owner or operator must, within 24 hours after detection of the leak or, if the owner or operator demonstrates that that is not possible, at the earliest practicable time, remove as much of the waste as is necessary to prevent further release of hazardous waste to the environment and to allow inspection and repair of the tank system to be performed.
(2)
If the release was to a secondary containment system, all released materials must be removed within 24 hours or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health and the environment.
C.
The owner or operator must immediately conduct a visual inspection of the release and, based upon that inspection:
D.
Notifications, reports.
(1)
Any release to the environment must be reported immediately upon detection to the Minnesota duty officer at (651) 649-5451 or (800) 627-3529.
(2)
Within 30 days of detection of a release to the environment, a report containing the following information must be submitted to the commissioner. The report must address the likely route of migration of the release; characteristics of the surrounding soil, including soil composition, geology, hydrogeology, and climate; and the results of any monitoring or sampling conducted in connection with the release, if available. If sampling or monitoring data relating to the release are not available within 30 days, these data must be submitted to the commissioner as soon as they become available. The report must also address the proximity to downgradient drinking water, surface water, and population areas; and a description of response actions taken or planned.
(3)
A leak or spill of hazardous waste that is less than or equal to a quantity of one pound and immediately contained and cleaned up is exempted from the requirements of subitem (2).
E.
Provision of secondary containment, repair, or closure.
(1)
Unless the owner or operator satisfies the requirements of subitems (2) to (4), the tank system must be closed in accordance with subpart 9.
(2)
If the cause of the release was a spill that has not damaged the integrity of the system, the owner or operator may return the system to service as soon as the released waste is removed and repairs, if necessary, are made.
(3)
If the cause of the release was a leak from the primary tank system into the secondary containment system, the system must be repaired before returning the tank system to service.
(4)
If the source of the release was a leak to the environment from a component of a tank system without secondary containment, the owner or operator must provide the component of the system from which the leak occurred with secondary containment that satisfies the requirements of subparts 4 and 5 before it can be returned to service, unless the source of the leak is an aboveground portion of a tank system. If the source is an aboveground component that can be inspected visually, the component must be repaired and may be returned to service without secondary containment as long as the requirements of item F are satisfied. If a component is replaced to comply with the requirements of this subitem, that component must satisfy the requirements for new tank systems or components in subparts 3 to 5. Additionally, if a leak has occurred in any portion of a tank system component that is not readily accessible for visual inspection, such as the bottom of an inground or onground tank, the entire component must be provided with secondary containment in accordance with subparts 4 and 5 before being returned to use.
F.
Certification of major repairs. If the owner or operator has repaired a tank system in accordance with item E and the repair has been extensive, such as installation of an internal liner or repair of a ruptured primary containment or secondary containment vessel, the tank system must not be returned to service unless the owner or operator has obtained a certification by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer that the repaired system is capable of handling hazardous wastes without release. This certification must be submitted to the commissioner within seven days after returning the tank system to use and must include the statements in parts 7001.0070 and 7001.0540.
Subp. 9.
Closure and postclosure care.
The requirements for closure and postclosure care of tank systems are as follows:
A.
At closure of a tank system, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, contaminated containment system components such as liners, contaminated soils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste, and manage them as hazardous waste unless it can be demonstrated that they are not a hazardous waste. Metal tanks and tank system components which have been decontaminated in accordance with an approved closure plan prepared in accordance with part 7045.0486, subpart 3, or 7045.0594, subpart 3, must be considered scrap metal for purposes of part 7045.0125, subpart 4, and if recycled, are not subject to parts 7045.0205 to 7045.0685. The closure plan, closure activities, cost estimates for closure, and financial responsibility for tank systems must meet the requirements of parts 7045.0594 to 7045.0624.
B.
If the owner or operator demonstrates that not all contaminated soils can be practicably removed or decontaminated as required in item A, then the owner or operator must close the tank system and perform postclosure care in accordance with the closure and postclosure care requirements that apply to landfills in part 7045.0638. In addition, for the purposes of closure, postclosure, and financial responsibility, such a tank system is then considered to be a landfill, and the owner or operator must meet the requirements for landfills in parts 7045.0594 to 7045.0624.
C.
If an owner or operator has a tank system which does not have secondary containment that meets the requirements of subpart 4, items B to F, and which is not exempt from the secondary containment requirements in accordance with part 7045.0075, subparts 6 and 7, then:
(1)
the closure plan for the tank system must include both a plan for complying with item A and a contingent plan for complying with item B;
(2)
a contingent postclosure plan for complying with item B must be prepared and submitted as part of the permit application;
(3)
the cost estimates calculated for closure and postclosure care must reflect the costs of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent postclosure plan, if these costs are greater than the costs of complying with the closure plan prepared for the expected closure under item A;
Subp. 10.
Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste.
Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in a tank unless:
A.
the waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately after placement in the tank so that the resulting waste, mixture, or dissolved material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under part 7045.0131, subpart 2 or 5, and compliance with part 7045.0562, subpart 2 is maintained; or
B.
the waste is stored or treated in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause the waste to ignite or react; or
C.
the tank is used solely for emergencies.
The owner or operator of a facility which treats or stores ignitable or reactive waste in a tank shall comply with the requirements for the maintenance of protective distances between the waste management area and any public ways, streets, alleys, or an adjoining property line that can be built upon, as required in the buffer zone requirements for tanks, contained in the Minnesota State Fire Code, chapter 7510.
Subp. 11.
Special requirement for incompatible wastes.
Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same tank, unless compliance with part 7045.0562, subpart 2, is maintained.
Hazardous waste must not be placed in a tank system that has not been decontaminated and which previously held an incompatible waste or material, unless compliance with part 7045.0562, subpart 2, is maintained.
Subp. 12.
Waste analysis and trial tests.
In addition to performing the waste analysis required by part 7045.0564, the owner or operator must, whenever a tank system is to be used to treat chemically or to store a hazardous waste that is substantially different from waste previously treated or stored in that tank system, or treat chemically a hazardous waste with a substantially different process than any previously used in that tank system:
A.
conduct waste analyses and trial treatment or storage tests, bench scale or pilot plant scale tests; or
B.
obtain written, documented information on similar waste under similar operating conditions to show that the proposed treatment or storage will meet the requirements of subpart 6, item A.
History:
9 SR 115; 13 SR 259; 15 SR 1515; 18 SR 1751; 20 SR 715; 22 SR 2300; 32 SR 10; 33 SR 2042
Published Electronically:
October 10, 2013
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes